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Cuticle
- thin waxy layer of lipids
- prevents water loss through evaporation
- allows light to pass through
Epidermis
- transparent layer of cells
- allows light to pass through
- protects the cells underneath from damages
Palisade Mesophyll Cells
- contains a large number of chloroplasts
- tightly packed together vertically to allow as many cells as possible to absorb light
Spongy Mesophyll Cells
- contains few chloroplasts
- loosely packed with intercellular air spaces for fast diffusion of carbon dioxide
Stoma
- surrounded by two guard cells
- allows exchange of gases
Vascular Bundle (Vein of leaf)
- made up of xylem and phloem vessels
- xylem transports water and mineral salts
- phloem transports nutrients
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